An-Nisa 12: If they have no children, half of what your wives leave after the fulfillment of the will and after their debts is yours. If they have children, one fourth of what they leave behind is yours. If you have no children, one fourth of what you leave after the fulfillment of the will and debts is theirs (your wives’ share). If you have children, one eighth of what you leave is theirs. If a man or a woman dies and they do not have parents or children, and their possessions are left to the inheritors, and they have a brother or a sister, each will receive one sixth. If there are more (siblings), they share one third. (This division is) after the fulfillment of the will and debts, without anyone suffering a loss. These are commandments from Allah. Allah is All-Knowing (Aleem) and Forbearing (Haleem).

A. Metin Saruhan · 10 October 2016 · An-Nisa

Translation

If they have no children, half of what your wives leave after the fulfillment of the will and after their debts is yours. If they have children, one fourth of what they leave behind is yours. If you have no children, one fourth of what you leave after the fulfillment of the will and debts is theirs (your wives’ share). If you have children, one eighth of what you leave is theirs. If a man or a woman dies and they do not have parents or children, and their possessions are left to the inheritors, and they have a brother or a sister, each will receive one sixth. If there are more (siblings), they share one third. (This division is) after the fulfillment of the will and debts, without anyone suffering a loss. These are commandments from Allah. Allah is All-Knowing (Aleem) and Forbearing (Haleem).

Tafsir

If a man's wife dies and she has no children from her husband and her previous husbands and no children from her previous husbands, and she has property, half of the property after her debts and will belongs to her husband. The other half goes to the strangers and distant relatives. If they are not available, it is transferred to the beyt al-mal. For example, if a woman has a husband and an uncle, half of the inheritance goes to the husband and half to the uncle. If the deceased woman had a son or daughter with her husband or former husbands, the husband is given a quarter of her inheritance and the rest is given to her children. For example, if a woman had a husband and two sons, one-fourth of the inheritance would go to the husband and the remaining shares would go to the two sons. In this case, the inheritance is calculated from eight. Out of the eight, the husband gets two fourths and the sons get three shares each. The division of this inheritance is after the deceased woman's debts and will. The woman's debts are paid first and then her will is executed. The remaining inheritance is divided as we have explained.

If a man dies, his wife is entitled to one-fourth of the inheritance. If the deceased man has no children by his wife or former wives, or if his son has no son or daughter, or if his surviving wife has children by other husbands, or if your son or daughter or your son has children by other husbands, they and his surviving wife have one-eighth of the inheritance. For example, if the deceased man had a wife and a son or daughter by another husband, or a son by another husband, then the wife is entitled to one-eighth of the inheritance. The rest of the inheritance belongs to the other heir. These distributions are after the deceased's debt and will.

If a deceased man or woman did not have a father or a son, but was entitled to inheritance by his or her heirs, such as his or her brothers or uncles, and if the deceased had a brother or a sister on his or her mother's side, the brother or sister has a one-sixth share of the inheritance. Here the male and female shares are equal. If there is more than one brother or sister on the mother's side, they share one third of the inheritance. The rest of the inheritance is distributed among the relatives. For example, if the deceased had a mother and a brother and a mother and a sister and an uncle, the inheritance is calculated from three shares, one share is given to the siblings and the other two shares to the uncle.

If the deceased bequeaths more than one-third of the inheritance so that the heirs are not harmed, the will of the deceased is invalid if those who are entitled to inherit do not consent to it. It is also not permissible to create debt out of nothing in order to deprive the heirs of their inheritance. This is both a loss to the heirs and a loss of the right of the heirs over the deceased.

This division is a will from Allah to the people. Allah (swt) is the All-Knowing. Allah is the One who shows people the truth without injustice among His servants, lest people should take a share for themselves as in the days of ignorance, when people were too eager for the world. Allah (swt) is free from any imperfect attributes. His mercy is for everyone in this world and only for the believer in the Hereafter. In this respect, Allah (swt) shines a light in front of people so that they do not suffer loss in this world.

What is said in the video

Surah An-Nisa, verse 12, these are a bit long, after any bequest they make and any debt, if your wives have no children, that is, if when I die our family has no children, half of what they leave is yours, He says.

If they have children, a quarter of what they leave is yours.

If you have no child, then after any bequest you make and any debt, a quarter of what you leave is theirs. It belongs to your wives. If you have a child, an eighth of what you leave is theirs. Now we will explain all of these. If a man or woman has no parents and no children, and the property passes to heirs as kalala, and he has a brother or a sister, each of them gets a sixth. If they are more than that, they share in a third. This division is to be made after any bequest and debt, without anyone being harmed. These are an injunction to you from Allah; Allah knows all things fully and is forbearing, He says.

If a man's wife dies and she has, from the husband she is married to and from her previous husbands, no children, and no children of her children,

and if the woman has property, then after her debt and bequest, of the remaining property half belongs to her husband.

Half of the remaining property belongs to her husband. The other half goes to strangers, to her distant relatives. If there are none of them either, it is transferred to the public treasury. That is, this was my wife. They have no relatives. (?) Allah Almighty looks after the poor and needy. If there are none, He looks after His state. To the public treasury, He says. To His state. (?) The other half goes to strangers. If there are none of them either, to the public treasury, the state. For example, if a woman has a husband and an uncle. If a woman has a husband and an uncle, half the inheritance to her husband and half to her uncle passes.

If the deceased woman has, from her husband or her previous husbands, a male or female child, a quarter of the woman's inheritance is given to her husband. The rest is given to her children.

For example, if a woman had a husband and two sons, a quarter of the inheritance goes to her husband, the other remaining shares pass to her two sons. In that case the inheritance is divided into eight.

A quarter of eight, two shares, to the husband, three shares each fall to the sons. This division of the inheritance comes after the deceased woman's debt or bequest.

First the woman's debts are paid. Then her bequest is carried out. The remaining inheritance is divided as we explained. Now if the men die; the men, this was the women's death. If men die, the wife they leave behind has a quarter share of the inheritance. For example, he left one hundred thousand lira; twenty-five thousand lira is the woman's.

If the deceased man has no child from his wife or from earlier wives, and no son's son or daughter either, if his surviving wife, his wife, has children from another husband, if you have a son or a daughter or your son has a child, they too, and the surviving wife has, of the inheritance, an eighth. This time the inheritance goes to the children, the woman takes an eighth. For example we say: the deceased man has a wife and his wife has yes, from another husband a son or a daughter, or his son has a son; in that case his wife is entitled to an eighth of the inheritance. The rest of the inheritance belongs to the other heirs.

These divisions come after the deceased's debt and bequest. If a deceased man or woman has no father or child, and heirs by way of kalala, for example brothers or uncles, have become entitled to the inheritance, and in addition the deceased has, on the mother's side, a brother or a sister, the brother or sister has a sixth share of the inheritance.

Here female and male are equal in share. If these sisters and brothers on the mother's side are more than one, they share in a third of the inheritance. The other part of the inheritance is distributed to the relatives. For example, if the deceased has a mother, a brother, a maternal sister, and an uncle, the inheritance is calculated in thirds. One share is given to the siblings, the other two shares to the uncle. So that the heirs are not harmed, if the deceased bequeaths more than a third of the inheritance, and those entitled to inherit do not consent to it, the deceased's bequest becomes invalid.

If he bequeaths more than a third of the inheritance to others, more than a third. This is both harm to the heirs and the heirs' right remaining on the deceased. This set, this division is an injunction from Allah to people. Allah Almighty knows all things fully. Because people's desires for the world are great, so that, as in the age of ignorance, people do not take shares for themselves, Allah is the One who, without injustice among His servants, shows people what is right. Allah Almighty is free from all deficient attributes. In the world His mercy is for everyone, in the hereafter only (?).

For this reason Allah Almighty, so that people (?) harm in the world, holds a light before them, we say.