Al-A'raf 142: We gave Moses thirty days of time (for worship) and We added ten more nights. And thus, the time that your Lord has determined reached forty days. Moses said to his brother Aaron; “Take my place among my people, straighten them and do not follow the path of the mischievous ones.”

Yes, Surah Al-A'raf, verse 142.

Allah Almighty calls Moses (peace be upon him), to worship Him,

on Mount Sinai, on Mount Sinai,

to his Lord. Indeed, in the verse Allah Almighty says: So that he would worship Me, We appointed thirty nights for Moses. (?) He adds another ten nights to it, to his Lord. And We added ten more nights to it. Thus the term appointed by his Lord came to forty nights. Moses said to his brother Aaron: Take my place among my people, set them right, and do not follow the way of the corrupters. he said. To whom? To Aaron.

Allah Almighty, so that Moses (peace be upon him) would worship Him, in the Sinai desert, on Mount Sinai, for a period of thirty nights, calls him there to worship Him. Then after that He gives another ten nights. He grants him that, that is, He keeps him near Him. He keeps him there to worship Him.

So the purpose behind giving him ten more nights was this: so that the people among his nation could better prove what kind of people they were, He kept Moses there. Otherwise, Allah Almighty having him worship Him there, how would that raise Allah Almighty? Nor does it lower Him. This is Allah, hidden in His very Being, Allah, the Owner of the worlds. So His separating Moses from his people was so that the people there could prove to themselves what kind of people they were; that was its purpose. What does the Samiri do? He makes a calf. And the people, despite having seen so many miracles, start worshipping the calf. They even oppose Aaron.

Yes. So that Moses would worship his Lord and make His command known, Allah Almighty calls him to Mount Tur. Moses (peace be upon him), for his part, toward his brother Aaron (peace be upon him) turns: O my brother, take my place at the head of my people, set them right. Do not follow those among them who will cause corruption, he said. Yes. That is Mount Tur of (?). He even raises that mountain over them as a shade. Allah Almighty sends them quail meat. Quail; He sends food of paradise. Despite receiving so much of Allah's mercy, they still do not hold back from opposing Allah Almighty and from associating partners with Allah.

Moses (peace be upon him), turning to his brother Aaron (peace be upon him): O my brother, take my place at the head of your people, set them right, and those among them who will cause corruption do not follow, he said.

Not every person has given the same covenant. Everyone has a covenant he gave according to his own wish. He has a destiny. Of course, the good and the bad will live together; the good will prove that they are good, and the bad that they are bad. The good will not follow the bad, nor the bad the good. So, even though they share the same place, the same food or meal, they will prove what kind of people they are. Moses, being a prophet, anyway knows the state of some people among them too. But since they are of the same people, he does not say "you are no good to us, your (?) is dirty" to cast them out.

Yes.

According to the narration, after Pharaoh's destruction Moses (peace be upon him) tells the people of the Children of Israel that he will bring a book from Allah. That book called the Ten Commandments: on Mount Tur, Allah Almighty, in the form of tablets, for Moses, wrote it in the manner of lightning bolts on rocks, and he takes it and brings it as tablets.

He tells the people of the Children of Israel that a book will be given by Allah. Upon that, by Allah's command, he goes up Mount Tur to worship. There he fasts thirty days in the month of Dhul-Qa'dah. He occupies himself with worshipping Allah. Meanwhile the smell of his mouth changes. To remove this smell, he uses a miswak. The noble angels say to Moses (peace be upon him): We used to smell a musk-like scent from you. But by using the miswak you changed this scent, they say. Allah Almighty ordered Moses (peace be upon him) to fast for another ten days in the month of Dhul-Hijjah. Thus the time appointed by Allah came to forty days and nights.

Again (?).

When a person fasts, his mouth smells. His mouth smells. But Allah Almighty says: the smell of the fasting person's mouth, in My sight, is like the scent of musk and ambergris, He says. Because when he worships Allah Almighty, the smell of his mouth, in return for that worship, Allah Almighty says, its scent is like musk and ambergris. And Moses uses the miswak to remove this smell. That is why the noble angels address him in this way. Yes.

The noble angels to Moses (peace be upon him): We used to smell musk from you. But by using the miswak you changed this scent, they say. Allah Almighty ordered Moses (peace be upon him) to fast another ten days in the month of Dhul-Hijjah. Thus the time appointed by Allah came to forty days and forty nights. Again, in one narration, they say the book came to Moses (peace be upon him) within these last ten days; that is a narration, of course. The truth of it: Allah knows best, and also to Moses it is clear, because he received the book; on which day he received it is known to him, to Allah and His Messenger it is known.